Phyllopharyngea

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Synhymenia

Hypostomial frange or synhymenium of dikinetids or small polykinetids (i.e. usually of ~4 kinetosomes), extending from right postoral body surface to left dorsal body surface, almost encircling the body in some forms; no atrium; cyrtos, conspicuous. Synhymenia, Zosterodasys.

Cyrtophoria

Oral ciliature typically composed of one preoral kinety and two circumoral kineties; true cytostome and cytopharynx surrounded by phyllae and rod-shaped nematodesmata; macronucleus heteromerous. Brooklynella, Chilodonella.

Chonotrichia

Sedentary and sessile forms with somatic cilia only on walls of perioral funnel or cone-shaped region, which may be flared or compressed; oral cilia absent or only as several inverted kineties next to cytostome; cytopharyngeal apparatus with phyllae, but no nematodesmata; macronucleus, heteromerous; unequal cell division typical, producing “bud” for dispersal; most species are ectosymbionts on crustacean appendages. Chilodochona, Spirochona.

Rhynchodia

Oral apparatus a suctorial tube supported by radially arranged microtubular ribbons (= phyllae) enclosing toxic (?) extrusomes (acmocysts or haptotrichocysts); predators of other ciliates or endosymbiotic parasites of bivalve molluscs and other marine invertebrates. Ancistrocoma, Ignotocoma, Stegotricha.

Suctoria

Mature sessile trophonts, usually nonciliated, with one to many tentacles that ingest prey; extrusomes at tentacle tips as haptocysts; tentacles supported by an outer ring of microtubules and an inner set of microtubular ribbons (=phyllae); unequal cell division typical with ciliated, migratory dispersal “larvae” or swarmers typically bearing neither tentacles nor stalk. Acineta, Discophrya, Ephelota, Tokophrya.

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