Thecofilosea

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Phaeodarea

Central capsule with thickened, double-layered, capsular wall containing two kinds of pores or openings; large opening known as an “astropylum” or oral pore with a protruding mass of cytoplasm, and smaller, typically lateral openings, as “parapylae”, with thinner protruding strands of cytoplasm; dense mass of darkly pigmented granular cytoplasm, the “phaeodium,” containing undigested debris, suspended in the extracapsulum; mineral skeletons, when present, composed of scattered spicules or hollow silica bars, joined by organic material; a wide variety of forms, including geodesic frameworks, spherical to polyhedral shells, or more solid, porous clam-shaped, bivalve shells; tubular mitochondrial cristae.

Cryomonadida

rDNA trees show Rhogostoma (Rhizaspididae) within the cryomonads, so they evolved after the hypothesized ciliated common ancestor of Ebriacea and Cryomonadida by loss of cilia and are unrelated to Pseudodifflugia. Includes Rhogostoma (previously misidentified as Lecythium), Cryothecomonas, Protaspis (called Protaspa in Howe et al. 2011).

Ventricleftida

Strongly flattened oval cell with rigid theca without scales; two unequal cilia emerging subapically, often from apical notch – posterior cilium used for gliding on surfaces; ventral cleft from which branched filose pseudopods emerge for feeding separate from and posterior to ciliary groove unlike Thaumatomonadida and Auranticordis; extrusomes. Ventrifissura, Verrucomonas.

Ebriacea

Cells with two subapically inserting cilia; open internal skeleton of silica; phagotrophic without plastids. Ebria, Hermesinum.

Incertae sedis Thecofilosea 1

With a more or less flexible test that may be distorted by the contraction of the cell; some with attached foreign particles, scales, spines or spicules; division often longitudinal or by budding. Capsellina, Lecythium.

Incertae sedis Thecofilosea 2

Botuliforma, Mataza, Pseudodifflugia.

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