Cercozoa

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Cercomonadidae

Cells of variable shape, without cell wall; two heterodynamic cilia without mastigonemes; pseudopodia used for feeding; some species have complex life cycle including multinuclear and multiciliary plasmodium stage; cysts occur; kinetosomes connected to the nucleus; tubular mitochondrial cristae; with microbodies and extrusomes. Note that with more research new sub-divisions within this group are emerging. Brevimastigomonas, Cavernomonas, Cercomonas, Eoercomonas, Filomonas, Metabolomonas, Neocercomonas, Nucleocercomonas, Paracercomonas.

Pansomonadida

Heterotrophic with two heterodynamic cilia, both free from body. Agitata, Aurigamonas

Glissomonadida

Heterotrophic without cell covering, not strongly amoeboid; ancestrally biciliates, gliding on longer posterior cilium, but includes the derived nongliding genus Proleptomonas; protoplasmic tails to the cell formed, but to a much less extent than in cercomonads. Note 7. Allantion, Allapsa, Bodomorpha, Dujardina, Flectomonas, Mollimonas, Neoheteromita, Proleptomonas, Sandona, Teretomonas.

Tremula

Heterotrophic and phagotrophic biciliates with long anterior and posterior cilia; glide on surfaces by means of both cilia, one pointing forwards and one backwards; without light microscopically visible theca, scales or cytostome. Tremula longifila.

Metromonadea

Nonpseudopodial marine gliding biciliated cells; predator on other eukaryotes; nonthecate but with a dense single or double layered surface coat that may extend up cilium; extrusomes highly elongated. Metromonas, Metopion, Micrometopion.

Granofilosea

With very fine branching or unbranched granuloreticulopodia bearing obvious extrusomes as the granules at frequent rather regular intervals, or with radiating, sometimes branched, axopodia with similar granules; pseudopodia supported by internal microtubules and typically appressed to the substratum during feeding, in a semi-immobile state; in most species, pseudopodia do not anastomose; some with biciliated swimming or gliding stage. Limnofila, Massisteria, Mesofila, Minimassisteria, Nanofila.

Thecofilosea

Ancestrally with robust organic extracellular theca, unlike most other Cercozoa, which are usually naked or with scales; ventral filose pseudopodia emerge from ventral groove; two cilia with divergent kinetosomes, secondarily lost in Rhizaspidae and the euglyphid amoebae, and restricted to zoospores in phaeodarians; ancestrally benthic gliding on posterior cilium only, but some secondarily planktonic swimmers amongst which ebriids have lost pseudopodia; theca with perforations for cilia and for pseudopodia, and three perforations in phaeodaria (thus also called Tripylea Hertwig 1879), which have surrounded it by a pseudopodial net containing a pigmented phaeodium, thus converting it into a ‘central capsule’, but not homologous with that of Polycystinea of Radiolaria; silica scales absent, unlike many Imbricatea (see below), but hollow silica endoskeleton in all ebriids and most phaeodarians.

Imbricatea

Secreted surface silica scales or secondarily lost, except in basal lineages where ancestrally absent; tubular mitochondrial cristae; ciliary transition region longer than in cercomonads and sainouroids, and unlike them with dense distal plate but without the internal dense aggregates and elaborate extra structures opposite the thecal contact zone in cryomonads; groove and cilia secondarily lost by euglyphids; centrioles multiplied and reoriented to make four posteriorly-directed gliding cilia in Auranticordis, which also lost pseudopodia; centrioles independently made parallel in the thaumatomonad/spongomonad subclade.

Chlorarachniophyta

Amoeboid with plastids of secondary origin; plastid containing chlorophylls a and b, associated with a nucleomorph and surrounded by four membranes in total; usually reticulate pseudopodia with extrusomes; cell bodies often anastomosing; with a biciliated dispersal stage. Bigelowiella, Chlorarachnion, Cryptochlora; Gymnochlora, Lotharella, Partenskyella.

Vampyrellida

Exclusively heterotrophic, naked, phagotrophic amoeboid organisms; life cycle includes amoeboid, freemoving trophozoites alternating with an obligatory digestive cyst, in which cell division usually take place; several taxa can fuse to form plasmodia and reach considerable sizes; sexual processes unknown; cytoplasm often differentiated into a finely granular, sometimes highly vacuolated part and structureless hyaloplasm, the latter often surrounding the main cell body, but at least constituting the pseudopodia; free-living in freshwater, soil, or marine environments. Arachnula, Gobiella, Hyalodiscus, Lateromyxa, Leptophrys, Platyreta, Thalassomyxa, Theratromyxa, Vampyrella, possibly Penardia.

Phytomyxea

Amoeboid or plasmodial feeding cells producing biciliate or tetraciliate cells; some with specialized solid extrusome—“satchel”—for penetrating host cells; with distinctive cruciform mitotic profile due to elongate persistent nucleolus lying orthogonal to metaphase plate; parasites or parasitoids of plants or stramenopiles. Includes Plasmodiophorida Cook 1928 (e.g. Plasmodiophora, Phagomyxa, Spongomyxa, Sorosphaera, Spongospora) and Phagomyxida Cavalier-Smith 1993 (e.g. Phagomyxa).

Filoreta

Nonciliate, naked, free-living, mainly bacterivorous reticulose amoebae that form extensive multinucleate open-mesh nets. Filoreta japonica, Filoreta marina, Filoreta tenera, Filoreta turnica.

Gromia

Test of organic material, brown and opaque, with single aperture; filopodia branched, with nongranular cytoplasm; filopodia anastomose but not into a reticulum; multinucleate; tubular mitochondrial cristae; ciliated dispersal cells or gametes. Gromia.

Ascetosporea

Complex spore structure - one or more cells, with one or more sporoplasms, without polar capsules or filaments; parasites of invertebrates

Incertae sedis Cercozoa 1

This clade is considered as most likely belonging to Euglyphida. However, this position remains to be confirmed as they do not secrete scales. Test resembling a Greek vase with terminal collar either straight or angled, test circular in cross-section with aboral end spherical, flattened or pointed; mostly in marine interstitial sand, but also in freshwater and soils. Including Alepiella, Chardezia, Edaphonobiotus, Feuerbornia, Frenzelina, Lesquerella, Micramphora, Micropsammella, Nadinella, Ogdeniella, Psammonobiotus, Propsammonobiotus, and Rhumbleriella.

Incertae sedis Cercozoa 2

Test half-coiled, either totally organic or with some attached particles; marine. Pseudovolutella, Volutella.

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